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The Jewish Archive (Archivo Judaico) was the name given to a collection of documents compiled by the regime of Francisco Franco in Spain during the Second World War. In accordance with instructions of the Directorate of General Security ( Dirección General de Seguridad , DGS) the provincial governors of Spain assembled records of all Jews who ...
Throughout World War II, Spanish diplomats of the Franco government extended their protection to Eastern European Jews, especially in Hungary. Jews claiming Spanish ancestry were provided with Spanish documentation without being required to prove their case and either left for Spain or survived the war with the help of their new legal status in ...
Public Jewish religious services, like Protestant services, had been forbidden since the Civil War. [3] José Finat y Escrivá de Romaní, the Director of Security, ordered a list of Jews and foreigners in Spain to be compiled in May 1941. The same year, Jewish status was marked on Spanish identity papers for the first time. [3] [4]
Enrique Múgica Herzog (1932–), lawyer, politician and co-founder of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, half-Jewish. [64] [65] Romeo Niram (1974–), figurative painter. Eduardo Propper de Callejón (1895–1972), diplomat remembered for facilitating escape of tens of thousands of Jews from France, half Jewish. [citation needed]
During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), synagogues were closed and post-war worship was kept in private homes. Jewish public life resumed in 1947 with the arrival of Jews from Europe and North Africa. In the first years of World War II, "Laws regulating their admittance were written and mostly ignored."
The history of Sephardic Jews, or Iberian Jews, dates back to times before the Christian era, with evidence of Jewish presence on the Iberian Peninsula dating from the Roman period. However, it was during the Middle Ages that Sephardic Jews established a distinct cultural and religious identity. Under Muslim rule, particularly during the ...
Immigrants from the Middle East (mainly Turkey) immigrated during the first three decades of the 20th century. Many immigrated during World War II. There are approximately 900 Jews living in Guatemala today. Most live in Guatemala City. Today, the Jewish community in Guatemala is made up of Orthodox Jews, Sephardi, Eastern European and German Jews.
The Encyclopædia Britannica defines "Holocaust" as "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women and children, and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II", [26] although the article goes on to say, "The Nazis also singled out the Roma (Gypsies). They were the only other group ...