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The period that is today called early Islamic history was probably not an Islamic, religiously motivated conquest but a secular Arab invasion. [47] Coin of the Rāshidūn Caliphate (632–675 CE). Pseudo-Byzantine type with depictions of the Byzantine emperor Constans II holding the cross-tipped staff and globus cruciger.
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Almost all Christians believe that Jesus was the incarnated Son of God, divine, and sinless. Islam teaches that Jesus was the penultimate and one of the most important prophets of God, but not the Son of God, not divine, and not part of the Trinity. Rather, Muslims believe the creation of Jesus was similar to the creation of Adam .
Due to geographical proximity, most of the early Christian critiques of Islam were associated with Eastern Christians. The Quran was not translated from Arabic into the Latin language until the 12th century, when the English Catholic priest Robert of Ketton made the Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete translation (Robert was active in the Diocese of Pamplona, not far removed from the Arabic-speakers in ...
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [ 1 ] though not by Muslims .
630: Death of Umm Kulthum daughter of Muhammad and wife of Uthman. 631: Expedition to Tabouk, Ghassanids. 631: Death of Muhammad's son Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from Maria al-Qibtiyya. 631 or 632, tribe of Thaqif adopts Islam. 632: 6 March – Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca. 632: 8 June – Death of Muhammad. Death of Fatimah, his daughter.
The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar that begins with the Hijra of 622 CE, a date that was reportedly chosen by Caliph Umar as it was an important turning point in Muhammad's fortunes. [474] Islamic holy days fall on fixed dates of the lunar calendar, meaning they occur in different seasons in different years in the Gregorian calendar.
On 3 January 2024, Turkish authorities arrested 25 suspected members of Islamic State across the country on suspicion of plotting attacks on churches and synagogues. The attack on 28 January was the group's first attack on a religious target in Turkey, having previously been responsible for other attacks such as the Istanbul nightclub shooting in 2017 and the 2015 Ankara bombings.