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Zero-sum game. Zero-sum game is a mathematical representation in game theory and economic theory of a situation that involves two competing entities, where the result is an advantage for one side and an equivalent loss for the other. [1] In other words, player one's gain is equivalent to player two's loss, with the result that the net ...
Constructive proof. In mathematics, a constructive proof is a method of proof that demonstrates the existence of a mathematical object by creating or providing a method for creating the object. This is in contrast to a non-constructive proof (also known as an existence proof or pure existence theorem), which proves the existence of a particular ...
Strategy. Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. [1] It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. [2] Initially, game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly ...
Fictitious play. In game theory, fictitious play is a learning rule first introduced by George W. Brown. In it, each player presumes that the opponents are playing stationary (possibly mixed) strategies. At each round, each player thus best responds to the empirical frequency of play of their opponent. Such a method is of course adequate if the ...
Non-cooperative game theory. In game theory, a non-cooperative game is a game in which there are no external rules or binding agreements that enforce the cooperation of the players. A non-cooperative game is typically used to model a competitive environment. This is stated in various accounts most prominent being John Nash's 1951 paper in the ...
Mathematicians playing Kōnane at a combinatorial game theory workshop. Combinatorial game theory is a branch of mathematics and theoretical computer science that typically studies sequential games with perfect information. Study has been largely confined to two-player games that have a position that the players take turns changing in defined ...
Zermelo's theorem (game theory) For Zermelo's theorem in set theory, see well-ordering theorem. In game theory, Zermelo's theorem is a theorem about finite two-person games of perfect information in which the players move alternately and in which chance does not affect the decision making process. It says that if the game cannot end in a draw ...
Zero-sum thinking perceives situations as zero-sum games, where one person's gain would be another's loss. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The term is derived from game theory . However, unlike the game theory concept, zero-sum thinking refers to a psychological construct —a person's subjective interpretation of a situation.