Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is a measurement of alcohol intoxication used for legal or medical purposes. [1] BAC is expressed as mass of alcohol per volume of blood. In US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a percentage such as 0.08%, i.e. there is 0.8 ...
A randomized, double blind trial published in JAMA in 1994 [5] showed that management for alcohol withdrawal that was guided by the CIWA scale resulted in decreased treatment duration and total use of benzodiazepines. The goal of the CIWA scale is to provide an efficient and objective means of assessing alcohol withdrawal.
[5] [6] An increase of alcohol intake by ~20 g ethanol/day will raise the PEth 16:0/18:1 concentration by ~0.10 μmol/L, and vice versa if the alcohol consumption has decreased. However, it has been demonstrated that there can be significant inter-personal variation, leading to potential misclassification between moderate and heavy drinkers. [ 7 ]
Therefore, the dose required to give a certain plasma concentration can be determined if the V D for that drug is known. The V D is not a physiological value; it is more a reflection of how a drug will distribute throughout the body depending on several physicochemical properties, e.g. solubility, charge, size, etc.
The model is most accurate when used to estimate BAC a few hours after drinking a single dose of alcohol in a fasted state, and can be within 20% CV of the true value. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] It is less accurate for BAC levels below 0.2 g/L (alcohol is not eliminated as quickly as predicted) and consumption with food (overestimating the peak BAC and ...
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
The Paddington alcohol test (PAT) was first published in the Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine in 1996. It was designed to identify alcohol-related problems amongst those attending accident and emergency departments .
The IC 50 terminology is also used for some behavioral measures in vivo, such as the two bottle fluid consumption test. When animals decrease consumption from the drug-laced water bottle, the concentration of the drug that results in a 50% decrease in consumption is considered the IC 50 for fluid consumption of that drug.