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A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question (s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
Phases of clinical research. The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. [1] For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then ...
Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health. [1][2] These research procedures are designed for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis or understanding of ...
Descriptive research is mainly done when a researcher wants to gain a better understanding of a topic. That is, analysis of the past as opposed to the future. Descriptive research is the exploration of the existing certain phenomena. The details of the facts won't be known. The existing phenomena's facts are not known to the person.
Validity (statistics) Validity is the main extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world. [1][2] The word "valid" is derived from the Latin validus, meaning strong. The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool ...
Gold standard (test) In medicine and medical statistics, the gold standard, criterion standard, [1] or reference standard[2] is the diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions. [3] It is the test against which new tests are compared to gauge their validity, and it is used to evaluate the efficacy of ...
Evidence-based practices. Evidence-based design (EBD) is the process of constructing a building or physical environment based on scientific research to achieve the best possible outcomes. [1][2] Evidence-based design is especially important in evidence-based medicine, where research has shown that environment design can affect patient outcomes.
PICO process. The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]