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Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) Reflective surfaces, or ground-based albedo modification (GBAM), is a solar radiation management method of enhancing Earth's albedo (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths of the Sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface). The IPCC described this method as "whitening ...
Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the environmental impacts of electricity generation. Measurement of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions involves calculating the global warming potential (GWP) of energy sources through life-cycle assessment. These are usually sources of only electrical energy but sometimes sources of heat are evaluated. [1]
Individual action on climate change. A demonstrator taking action through climate activism at the People's Climate March (2017) in Washington, D.C. Individual action on climate change is about personal choices that everyone can make to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of their lifestyles. Such personal choices are related to the way people ...
Project Sunroof was created by Google engineer Carl Elkin as a 20% time project. While initially launching only in the cities of Boston, San Francisco, and Fresno, [3] the project now displays solar potential for 43 million homes in the US. [4] Google has previously invested in projects with solar energy provider, SolarCity.
Globally, the benefits of keeping warming under 2 °C exceed the costs. [123] Economists estimate the cost of climate change mitigation at between 1% and 2% of GDP. [124][125] While this is a large sum, it is still far less than the subsidies governments provide to the ailing fossil fuel industry.
[8] [9] As of November 2023, around 145 countries had announced or are considering net zero targets, covering close to 90% of global emissions. [10] They include some countries that were resistant to climate action in previous decades. [11] [9] Country-level net zero targets now cover 92% of global GDP, 88% of emissions, and 89% of the world ...
Carbon accounting. Depiction of carbon accounting using the WRI-Greenhouse Gas Protocol classification of emissions into three categories: Scope 1, 2, and 3. Additional downstream Scope 3 sources are shown on WRI’s website. [1][2] Carbon accounting (or greenhouse gas accounting) is a framework of methods to measure and track how much ...
Carbon emission trading. Carbon emission trading (also called carbon market, emission trading scheme (ETS) or cap and trade) is a type of emissions trading scheme designed for carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). A form of carbon pricing, its purpose is to limit climate change by creating a market with limited allowances for ...