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BitLocker originated as a part of Microsoft's Next-Generation Secure Computing Base architecture in 2004 as a feature tentatively codenamed "Cornerstone" [4] [5] and was designed to protect information on devices, particularly if a device was lost or stolen.
Screenshot of the Syskey utility on the Windows 8.1 operating system requesting the user to enter a password.. The SAM Lock Tool, better known as Syskey (the name of its executable file), is a discontinued component of Windows NT that encrypts the Security Account Manager (SAM) database using a 128-bit RC4 encryption key.
Microsoft denied the backdoor speculations on _NSAKEY and said "This speculation is ironic since Microsoft has consistently opposed the various key escrow proposals suggested by the government." According to Microsoft, the key's symbol was "_NSAKEY" because the NSA was the review authority for U.S. cryptography export controls. [5] [6]
Examples of such use can be found in Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS), [33] BitLocker and PrivateCore vCage memory encryption. (See below.) (See below.) Another example of platform integrity via TPM is in the use of Microsoft Office 365 licensing and Outlook Exchange.
Multiple keys: Whether an encrypted volume can have more than one active key. Passphrase strengthening: Whether key strengthening is used with plain text passwords to frustrate dictionary attacks, usually using PBKDF2 or Argon2. Hardware acceleration: Whether dedicated cryptographic accelerator expansion cards can be taken advantage of.
BitLocker is the combination of these features; "Cornerstone" was the codename of BitLocker, [85] [86] and BitLocker validates pre-boot firmware and operating system components before boot, which protects SYSKEY from unauthorized access; an unsuccessful validation prohibits access to a protected system.
The Encrypting File System (EFS) on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3.0 of NTFS [1] that provides filesystem-level encryption.The technology enables files to be transparently encrypted to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer.
Key escrow (also known as a "fair" cryptosystem) [1] is an arrangement in which the keys needed to decrypt encrypted data are held in escrow so that, under certain circumstances, an authorized third party may gain access to those keys.