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  2. Point of presence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_presence

    Point of presence. A point of presence (PoP) is an artificial demarcation point or network interface point between communicating entities. A common example is an ISP point of presence, the local access point that allows users to connect to the Internet with their Internet service provider (ISP). [1] A PoP typically houses servers, routers ...

  3. Observer effect (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect_(physics)

    Quantum mechanics. In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation. [1][2] This is often the result of utilising instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. A common example is checking the pressure in an automobile tire, which causes some of the air to ...

  4. Plasma (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)

    It is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the universe, mostly in stars (including the Sun), but also dominating the rarefied intracluster medium and intergalactic medium. [2][3][4][5] Plasma can be artificially generated, for example, by heating a neutral gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field.

  5. Event horizon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizon

    In astrophysics, an event horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an observer. Wolfgang Rindler coined the term in the 1950s. [1] In 1784, John Michell proposed that gravity can be strong enough in the vicinity of massive compact objects that even light cannot escape. [2] At that time, the Newtonian theory of gravitation and the ...

  6. Crystallographic defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic_defect

    Electron microscopy of antisites (a, Mo substitutes for S) and vacancies (b, missing S atoms) in a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide. Scale bar: 1 nm. [1] A crystallographic defect is an interruption of the regular patterns of arrangement of atoms or molecules in crystalline solids. The positions and orientations of particles, which are ...

  7. Combustibility and flammability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibility_and...

    Combustibility and flammability. A combustible material is a material that can burn (i.e., sustain a flame) in air under certain conditions. A material is flammable if it ignites easily at ambient temperatures. In other words, a combustible material ignites with some effort and a flammable material catches fire immediately on exposure to flame.

  8. Psychophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysics

    Psychophysics quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. Psychophysics has been described as "the scientific study of the relation between stimulus and sensation" [1] or, more completely, as "the analysis of perceptual processes by studying the effect on a subject's experience or behaviour of systematically varying the ...

  9. Colligative properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colligative_properties

    Colligative properties include: Relative lowering of vapor pressure (Raoult's law) Elevation of boiling point. Depression of freezing point. Osmotic pressure. For a given solute-solvent mass ratio, all colligative properties are inversely proportional to solute molar mass. Measurement of colligative properties for a dilute solution of a non ...