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Hyperkeratinization (American English or hyperkeratinisation in British) is a disorder of the cells lining the inside of a hair follicle. It is the normal function of these cells to detach or slough off from the skin lining at normal intervals. The dead cells are then forced out of the follicle (primarily by the growing hair).
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (also known as "Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma," [7] "Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma," [8]: 482 or "bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma of Brocq" [9]) is a rare skin disease in the ichthyosis family, affecting around 1 in 250,000 people.
Simple squamous epithelium falls under the physiological category of exchange epithelium due to its ability to rapidly transport molecules across the tissue layer. To facilitate this movement, some types of simple squamous epithelium may have pores between cells to allow molecules to move through it, creating a leaky epithelium.
Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the history and clinical appearance. The differential diagnosis includes other oral white lesions such as Leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma, oral candidiasis, lichen planus, white sponge nevus and contact stomatitis. [7] In contrast to pseudomembraneous candidiasis, this white patch cannot be wiped off. [7]
The primary function of keratinocytes is the formation of a barrier against environmental damage by heat, UV radiation, dehydration, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.
An example is the skin on the forearm, which is on average 1.3 mm in males and 1.26 mm in females. [4] One average square inch (6.5 cm 2) of skin holds 650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, and more than 1,000 nerve endings. [5] [better source needed] The average human skin cell is about 30 μm in
Non-keratinized squamous epithelium, including cornea and transitional epithelium [6] Cytokeratin 7: A subgroup of glandular epithelia and their tumors [6] Transitional epithelium and transitional carcinoma [6] Cytokeratin 8: Glandular epithelia of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts, both endocrine and exocrine cells, as well as ...
Scale forms on the skin surface in various disease settings, and is the result of abnormal desquamation. In pathologic desquamation, such as that seen in X-linked ichthyosis, the stratum corneum becomes thicker (hyperkeratosis), imparting a "dry" or scaly appearance to the skin, and instead of detaching as single cells, corneocytes are shed in clusters, which forms visible scales. [2]