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An inhalational anesthetic is a chemical compound possessing general anesthetic properties that is delivered via inhalation. They are administered through a face mask, laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube connected to an anesthetic vaporiser and an anesthetic delivery system .
Pulmonary drug delivery is mainly utilized for topical applications in the lungs, such as the use of inhaled beta-agonists, corticosteroids and anticholinergic agents for the treatment of asthma and COPD, the use of inhaled mucolytics and antibiotics for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CT) and respiratory viral infections, [1] and the use of inhaled prostacyclin analogs for the treatment of ...
Similar to other inhalational anesthetics, the exact mechanism of action is not clearly defined and likely involves multiple molecular targets in the brain and spinal cord. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] Methoxyflurane is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA A and glycine receptors as demonstrated in electrophysiology studies.
Sevoflurane, sold under the brand name Sevorane, among others, is a sweet-smelling, nonflammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used as an inhalational anaesthetic for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
All medicines may have adverse effect on patients; some serious adverse effects of anesthesia may be caused by inhalational anesthetic, although in general these medicines are highly safe and useful. [18] Using the correct amount of balanced anesthetic agents, the adverse effects can be reduced to some extent. [18]
1 Inhalational anesthetic agents. 2 Bronchodilators. 3 Anti-hypertensives. 4 Anti-inflammatories. 5 Antimicrobials. 6 Pulmonary surfactants. 7 Sympathomimetic amines.
Isoflurane is always administered in conjunction with air or pure oxygen.Often, nitrous oxide is also used. Although its physical properties imply that anaesthesia can be induced more rapidly than with halothane, [10] its pungency can irritate the respiratory system, negating any possible advantage conferred by its physical properties.
Findings indicate that β 2 stimulants, especially in parenteral administration such as inhalation or injection, can induce adverse effects: . Tachycardia secondary to peripheral vasodilation and cardiac stimulation (Such tachycardia may be accompanied by palpitations.) [4]