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Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is a component of the expenditure on gross domestic product (GDP) that indicates how much of the new value added in an economy is invested rather than consumed. It measures the value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets by the business sector , governments , and "pure" households (excluding their ...
Capital expenditures are the funds used to acquire or upgrade a company's fixed assets, such as expenditures towards property, plant, or equipment (PP&E). [3] In the case when a capital expenditure constitutes a major financial decision for a company, the expenditure must be formalized at an annual shareholders meeting or a special meeting of the Board of Directors.
Return on capital (ROC), or return on invested capital (ROIC), is a ratio used in finance, valuation and accounting, as a measure of the profitability and value-creating potential of companies relative to the amount of capital invested by shareholders and other debtholders. [1] It indicates how effective a company is at turning capital into ...
If, for example, this ratio is greater than 1, machinery can be bought at one price and then generate output worth the larger amount that is reflected in its market value, giving positive economic profit. In some research, investment is modeled as an increasing function of the gap between the optimal capital stock and the current capital stock ...
It is commonly represented as total assets less current liabilities (or fixed assets plus working capital requirement). [2] ROCE uses the reported (period end) capital numbers; if one instead uses the average of the opening and closing capital for the period, one obtains return on average capital employed (ROACE). [citation needed]
Less common is the measure used by Paul M. Sweezy, i.e., +, the ratio of constant capital to the total capital invested. The total capital tied up by a capitalist enterprise includes more than fixed assets, materials and wages/salaries; it also includes liquid funds, reserves and other financial assets.
Ke is the risk-adjusted, theoretical rate of return on a Company's invested excess capital obtained through external investments. Among other things, the value of Ke and the Cost of Debt (COD) [ 6 ] enables management to arbitrate different forms of short and long term financing for various types of expenditures.
Consumption of fixed capital in percent of GDP, Germany, Japan, United States, computed from data of Ameco data base. Consumption of fixed capital (CFC) is a term used in business accounts, tax assessments and national accounts for depreciation of fixed assets. CFC is used in preference to "depreciation" to emphasize that fixed capital is used ...