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c. 720 – Chess spreads across the Islamic world from Persia. c. 840 – Earliest surviving chess problems by Caliph Billah of Baghdad. c. 900 – Entry on Chess in the Chinese work Huan Kwai Lu ('Book of Marvels'). 997 – Versus de scachis is the earliest known work mentioning chess in Christian Western Europe. [2]
The earliest precursor of modern chess is a game called chaturanga, which flourished in India by the 6th century, and is the earliest known game to have two essential features found in all later chess variations—different pieces having different powers (which was not the case with checkers and Go), and victory depending on the fate of one ...
Created by Hungarian inventor Wolfgang von Kempelen, the Mechanical Turk, a life sized human model, debuted in 1770 as the world's first autonomous chess robot. The Mechanical Turk could play chess and beat opponents, even going as far as solving the iconic knight's tour chess puzzle. The Mechanical Turk remained in operation from 1770 to 1854 ...
A chess engine generates moves, but is accessed via a command-line interface with no graphics. A dedicated chess computer has been purpose built solely to play chess. A graphical user interface (GUI) allows one to import and load an engine, and play against it. A chess database allows one to import, edit, and analyze a large archive of past games.
They include modern variations employing different rules (e.g. losing chess and Chess960 [note 8]), different forces (e.g. Dunsany's chess), non-standard pieces (e.g. Grand Chess), and different board geometries (e.g. hexagonal chess and infinite chess); In the context of chess variants, chess is commonly referred to as orthodox chess ...
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Murray's aim is threefold: to present as complete a record as is possible of the varieties of chess that exist or have existed in different parts of the world; to investigate the ultimate origin of these games and the circumstances of the invention of chess; and to trace the development of the modern European game from the first appearance of its ancestor, the Indian chaturanga, in the ...
El Ajedrecista ([el axeðɾeˈθista], English: The Chess Player) is an automaton built in 1912 by Leonardo Torres Quevedo in Madrid, [2] a pioneering autonomous machine capable of playing chess. [3] As opposed to the human-operated Mechanical Turk and Ajeeb , El Ajedrecista had a true integrated automation built to play chess without human ...