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Energy changes occurring in hybridization. Hybridization of an s orbital with two p orbitals (p x and p y) results in three sp 2 hybrid orbitals that are oriented at 120 o angle to each other (Figure 3). Sp 2 hybridization results in trigonal geometry.
What Is Hybridization? Redistribution of the energy of orbitals of individual atoms to give orbitals of equivalent energy happens when two atomic orbitals combine to form a hybrid orbital in a molecule. This process is called hybridization.
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.
Hybridization is the process of combining pure atomic orbitals on an atom of approximately equal energy to form a new set of orbitals with the same number as the mixing orbitals, the same energy, and the same shape.
Here’s a shortcut for how to determine the hybridization of an atom in a molecule that will work in at least 95% of the cases you see in Org 1. For a given atom: Count the number of atoms connected to it (atoms – not bonds!) Count the number of lone pairs attached to it. Add these two numbers together. If it’s 4, your atom is sp3.
To explain the bonding of carbon and other atoms that cannot fit into the simple valence bond theory, a new theory called orbital hybridization will be introduced as a supplement to the valence bond theory.
Hybridisation and geometry of molecules play a vital role in their reactivity. Reactions involve making and breaking of "bonds"! So, before we start with organic chemistry, let's revise a few things about bonding in organic molecules.