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Lactose intolerance is distinct from milk allergy, an immune response to cow's milk proteins. They may be distinguished in diagnosis by giving lactose-free milk, producing no symptoms in the case of lactose intolerance, but the same reaction as to normal milk in the presence of a milk allergy. A person can have both conditions.
Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk.Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest, with symptoms including atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon. [2]
Children affected by allergies in the developed world: [2] 1 in 13 have eczema; 1 in 8 have allergic rhinitis; 3-6% are affected by food allergy; Children in the United States under 18 years of age: [3] Percent with any allergy: 27.2%; Percent with seasonal allergy: 18.9%; Percent with eczema: 10.8%; Percent with food allergy: 5.8%
Food allergies affect up to 10% of the worldwide population, and they are currently more prevalent in children (~8%) than adults (~5) in western nations. [34] In several industrialized countries, food allergies affect up to 10% of children. [95] Children are most commonly allergic to cow's milk, chicken eggs, peanuts, and tree nuts. [21]
Up to half of infected people develop a temporary lactose intolerance leading to symptoms that may mimic a chronic infection. [1] Some people experience post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome after the infection has cleared. [7] Giardiasis has also been implicated in the development of food allergies. [7]
Lactose is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose. After the ingestion of lactose, most commonly from breast milk for an infant or cow milk and any milk from an animal, the enzyme lactase hydrolyzes the sugar into its monosaccharide constituents, glucose and galactose.
After tracking hundreds of children, researchers conclude that babies who eat peanut protein early and often in their first five years of life are 71% less likely to be allergic to peanuts at age 12.
Roughly 10% of children with a milk allergy will have a reaction to beef. [47] Lactose intolerance, a common reaction to milk, is not a form of allergy at all, but due to the absence of an enzyme in the digestive tract. [48] Those with tree nut allergies may be allergic to one or many tree nuts, including pecans, pistachios, and walnuts. [44]