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Projection (measure theory) Projection (linear algebra) – Idempotent linear transformation from a vector space to itself; Projection (relational algebra) – Operation that restricts a relation to a specified set of attributes; Relation (mathematics) – Relationship between two sets, defined by a set of ordered pairs
Maps of certain kinds have been given specific names. These include homomorphisms in algebra, isometries in geometry, operators in analysis and representations in group theory. [2] In the theory of dynamical systems, a map denotes an evolution function used to create discrete dynamical systems. A partial map is a partial function.
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, an exponential object or map object is the categorical generalization of a function space in set theory. Categories with all finite products and exponential objects are called cartesian closed categories. Categories (such as subcategories of Top) without adjoined products may still have an ...
Set theory is the branch of mathematics that studies sets, which are collections of objects, such as {blue, white, red} or the (infinite) set of all prime numbers. Partially ordered sets and sets with other relations have applications in several areas. In discrete mathematics, countable sets (including finite sets) are the main focus.
Indeed, Zermelo set theory (Z) already can interpret second-order arithmetic and much of type theory in finite types, which in turn are sufficient to formalize the bulk of mathematics. Although the axiom schema of replacement is a standard axiom in set theory today, it is often omitted from systems of type theory and foundation systems in topos ...
Kuratowski's free set theorem, named after Kazimierz Kuratowski, is a result of set theory, an area of mathematics. It is a result which has been largely forgotten for almost 50 years, but has been applied recently in solving several lattice theory problems, such as the congruence lattice problem .
Every set is a projective object in Set (assuming the axiom of choice). The finitely presentable objects in Set are the finite sets. Since every set is a direct limit of its finite subsets, the category Set is a locally finitely presentable category. If C is an arbitrary category, the contravariant functors from C to Set are often an important ...
Inclusion maps are seen in algebraic topology where if is a strong deformation retract of , the inclusion map yields an isomorphism between all homotopy groups (that is, it is a homotopy equivalence). Inclusion maps in geometry come in different kinds: for example embeddings of submanifolds.