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An immature teratoma is a teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma. [1] A teratoma is a tumor of germ cell origin, containing tissues from more than one germ cell line, [2] [3] [4] It can be ovarian or testicular in its origin. [4] and are almost always benign. [5]
Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) are heterogeneous tumors that are derived from the primitive germ cells of the embryonic gonad, which accounts for about 2.6% of all ovarian malignancies. [1] There are four main types of OGCTs, namely dysgerminomas , yolk sac tumor , teratoma , and choriocarcinoma .
Immature teratoma is the malignant counterpart of the mature teratoma and contains immature tissues which typically show primitive or embryonal neuroectodermal histopathology. Immature teratoma has one of the lowest rates of somatic mutation of any tumor type and results from one of five mechanisms of meiotic failure .
Mature cystic teratoma: 46.0%: 0.17% to 2% [6] Cystic, with elements of all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm). [7] Hair follicles. Immature teratoma: 2.5%: 100%: A teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma. [8] Other germ cell tumors 3.0%
pelvis, particularly sacrococcygeal teratoma; In females, GCTs account for 30% of ovarian tumors, but only 1 to 3% of ovarian cancers in North America. In younger women, they are more common, thus in patients under the age of 21, 60% of ovarian tumors are of the germ-cell type, and up to one-third are malignant.
Complications of the mass effect of a teratoma in general are addressed on the teratoma page. Complications of the mass effect of a large SCT may include hip dysplasia, bowel obstruction, urinary obstruction, hydronephrosis and hydrops fetalis. Even a small SCT can produce complications of mass effect, if it is presacral (Altman Type IV). [4]
A cystic teratoma with a small Rokitansky nodule — region of thickened cyst wall (bottom part of image). In gynecology , a Rokitansky nodule is a mass or lump in an ovarian teratomatous cyst . [ 1 ]
Gonadoblastoma is most often associated with an abnormal chromosomal karyotype, gonadal dysgenesis, or the presence of a Y chromosome in over 90% of cases. Gonadoblastoma has been found in association with androgen insensitivity syndrome, mixed gonadal dysgenesis and Turner syndrome, especially in the presence of Y chromosome-bearing cells.