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An 1802 cartoon of Edward Jenner 's cowpox-derived smallpox vaccine. Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century included long-standing epidemic threats such as smallpox, typhus, yellow fever, and scarlet fever. In addition, cholera emerged as an epidemic threat and spread worldwide in six pandemics in the nineteenth century.
It was the last great pandemic of the 19th century, and is among the deadliest pandemics in history. [2][3] The pandemic killed about 1 million people out of a world population of about 1.5 billion (0.067% of population). [4][5] The most reported effects of the pandemic took place from October 1889 to December 1890, with recurrences in March to ...
1908 – Victor Horsley and R. Clarke invents the stereotactic method. 1909 – First intrauterine device described by Richard Richter. [102] 1910 – Hans Christian Jacobaeus performs the first laparoscopy on humans. 1917 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg discovers the malarial fever shock therapy for general paresis of the insane.
This is a list of the largest known epidemics and pandemics caused by an infectious disease in humans. Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal ...
Ultimately it was decided that the events were caused by “stress due to upcoming exams” and the incident was determined to be an incident of “hysteria”. [74] Due to the determination of collective stress as the cause, medical sociologist Robert Bartholomew favors the neutral term mass psychogenic illness over mass hysteria. This is ...
According to mental health experts, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused negative effects on people's mental health around the globe. These effects can manifest as increased anxiety and insecurity, greater fears, and discrimination. [44] Experts [44] claim that changes to ones' environment can cause large amounts of distress and insecurity. COVID ...
The sixth cholera pandemic, which was due to the classical strain of O1, had little effect in western Europe because of advances in sanitation and public health, but major Russian cities and the Ottoman Empire particularly suffered a high rate of cholera deaths. More than 500,000 people died of cholera in Russia from 1900 to 1925, which was a ...
1838 – Protein discovered, named and recorded by Gerardus Johannes Mulder and Jöns Jacob Berzelius. 1862 – Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation. 1863 – Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance. 1864 – Antonin Prandtl [wikidata] invents first centrifuge to separate cream from milk.