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Fractures of the scaphoid are common in young males. [22] They are less common in children and older adults because the distal radius is weaker contributor to the wrist and more likely to fracture in these age groups. [7] Scaphoid fractures account for 50%-80% of carpal injuries. [8]
Fractures of the scaphoid are the most common of the carpal bone injuries, because of its connections with the two rows of carpal bones. [1]: 177 The scaphoid can be slow to heal because of the limited circulation to the bone.
The term navicular bone or hand navicular bone was formerly used for the scaphoid bone, [1] one of the carpal bones of the wrist. The navicular bone in humans is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and laterally with the cuboid.
Scapholunate advanced collapse is the most common form, followed by scaphoid non-union advanced collapse (SNAC). [3] Other post-traumatic causes such as intra-articular fractures of the distal radius or ulna can also lead to wrist osteoarthritis, but are less common.
Blood enters the scaphoid distally. Consequently, in the event of a fracture the proximal segment of the scaphoid will be devoid of a vascular supply, and will—if action is not taken—avascularly necrose within a sufferer's snuffbox. Due to the small size of the scaphoid and its shape, it is difficult to determine, early on, whether or not ...
A capitate fracture accounts for 1.3% of all wrist fractures. Isolated fractures of the capitate comprise only 0.3% and are often non-displaced. This is since the capitate is at the centre of the carpal region and is therefore quite well protected. Capitate fractures occur together with fractures of another carpal bone, the scaphoid. [5]
For example, the scaphoid contributes to midcarpal stability by articulating distally with the trapezium and the trapezoid. In contrast, the distal row is more rigid as its transverse arch moves with the metacarpals. [3] Biomechanically and clinically, the carpal bones are better conceptualized as three longitudinal columns: [4]
In wrist trauma, for instance, the interpreter should pay close attention to the scaphoid and triquetrum, which are the two most commonly injured carpal bones. The mechanism of trauma may also be helpful to locate the potential fracture. A fall on an outstretched hand suggests scaphoid fracture.