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Australia and Indonesia have established diplomatic relations since 27 December 1949, [1] when Australia recognised Indonesia's independence. [2] [3] Historically, contact between Australians and Indonesians began as early as the 16th century prior to the arrival of the Europeans, through Makassan interactions with indigenous Australians on Australia's western and northern coasts.
A de facto regulation may be followed by an organization as a result of the market size of the jurisdiction imposing the regulation as a proportion of the overall market; wherein the market share is so large that it results in the organization choosing to comply by implementing one standard of business with respect to the given de facto law ...
This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. UN member states that at least one other UN member state does not recognise Non-UN member states recognised by at least one UN member state Non-UN member states recognised only by other non-UN member states or not recognized by any other state A number of polities have declared independence and ...
The government of Malcolm Fraser was the first to officially recognise Indonesia's de facto annexation of East Timor, doing so in January 1978. This was followed by de jure recognition, during negotiations with Indonesia regarding the seabed boundary between the two countries.
In 1978, the Fraser government recognised Indonesia's de facto sovereignty in East Timor and later the Hawke government, by signing the 1989 Timor Gap Treaty, recognised that same sovereignty as de jure. [7] The relationship between Indonesia and Australia was relatively steady after East Timor.
Newly decolonized countries gained political sovereignty but "felt that their de jure political colonization ended only to be replaced by a de facto economic colonization." [ 1 ] This mission to achieve a more equitable international system was motivated also by increasing inequality in the share of global national income between developed and ...
Participating States and territories are: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory, Norfolk Island, Christmas Island or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. These States referred de facto matters under section 51(xxxvii) of the Constitution of Australia.
This type of asymmetry can be called de jure asymmetry (Brown 2). The second type reflects agreements which come out of national policy, opting out, and (depending on one's definition of the term) bilateral and ad hoc deals with specific provinces, none of which are entrenched in the constitution. This type of asymmetry is known as de facto ...