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Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation that is adapted to long periods of dryness and heat. The plants feature hard leaves , short internodes (the distance between leaves along the stem) and leaf orientation which is parallel or oblique to direct sunlight.
Much of the woody vegetation in Mediterranean-climate regions is sclerophyll, which means 'hard-leaved' in Greek. Sclerophyllous vegetation generally has small, dark leaves covered with a waxy outer layer to retain moisture in the dry summer months. [citation needed]
The ecoregion extends from the southern Po Basin in northern Italy to the southern Apennine Mountains of Basilicata and Calabria.It covers the lowlands of central Italy, including the valleys of the Arno and Tiber rivers, the Tyrrhenian Sea (western) coast of central Italy and Liguria, extending into southeastern France, and central Italy's Adriatic coast, as well as the middle elevations of ...
The predominant trees are evergreen sclerophyll broadleaf species and conifers. [2] Forests of holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) and cork oak (Quercus suber) were once predominant in plains and valleys with deep alluvial soil. Over centuries most of these forests have been converted to agriculture, pasture, or maquis shrubland. Maquis shrubland ...
In Portugal, cork forests predominate in steeper areas with poor soils unsuited to agriculture, including the mountains of Algarve region and the hills of Alentejo region. Most cork forests are on private land. In some forests the understory shrubs are cleared to reduce fire risk, while in others the understory is allowed to grow naturally. [9]
Dry sclerophyll forests are usually located between 200m and 1000m above sea level, in regions that receive less than 1000mm of rainfall annually. [2] Soils are dry and often infertile and may contain dolerite, granite, quartzite or sandstone. [3] High levels of sunlight are available and temperatures can become high due to the open canopy.
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The Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests is an ecoregion in the lands around the Aegean Sea.The ecoregion covers most of mainland Greece, the Greek Aegean Islands (except for Crete), the western coast of Turkey, the southern Vardar river valley in North Macedonia, the southern Struma river valley at the extreme south-western corner of Bulgaria, [2] as well as Greece's ...