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  2. Insulin (medication) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_(medication)

    Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. [13][14] This is a chronology of key milestones in the history of the medical use of insulin. For more details on the discovery, extraction, purification, clinical use, and synthesis of insulin, see Insulin. 1921 Research on the role of pancreas in ...

  3. Isoleucine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleucine

    Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) [1] is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH + 3 form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form under biological conditions), and a hydrocarbon side chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three other ...

  4. Diabetes medication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_medication

    Diabetes medication. Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic ...

  5. Type 1 diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes

    Frequency. 11–22 million cases globally [4] Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system. [5] Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate glucose levels in the ...

  6. Diabetes management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_management

    Diabetes management. The term diabetes includes several different metabolic disorders that all, if left untreated, result in abnormally high concentrations of a sugar called glucose in the blood. Diabetes mellitus type 1 results when the pancreas no longer produces significant amounts of the hormone insulin, usually owing to the autoimmune ...

  7. Diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes

    4.2 million (2019) [ 9 ] Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [ 10 ][ 11 ] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [ 12 ]

  8. Blood sugar regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_regulation

    Diabetes mellitus type 1 is caused by insufficient or non-existent production of insulin, while type 2 is primarily due to a decreased response to insulin in the tissues of the body (insulin resistance). Both types of diabetes, if untreated, result in too much glucose remaining in the blood (hyperglycemia) and many

  9. Insulin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

    Insulin is a peptide hormone containing two chains cross-linked by disulfide bridges. Insulin (/ ˈɪn.sjʊ.lɪn /, [5][6] from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene. It is the main anabolic hormone of the body. [7]

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