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TOMM40 codes for a protein that is embedded into outer membranes of mitochondria and is required for the movement of proteins into mitochondria.More precisely, TOMM40 is the channel-forming subunit of the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, a translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane that is essential for protein transport into the mitochondrion.
Intercellular transfer of mitochondria in culture has been documented from MSCs and endothelial cells to breast cancer cell lines, ovarian cancer cell lines or to osteosarcoma cell line. [11] Mitochondrial transfer can occur also between cancer cells such as mesothelioma [12] and laryngeal carcinoma cells. [13]
The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) is a complex of proteins found in the outer mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria. It allows movement of proteins through this barrier and into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. Most of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function are encoded by the nucleus of the cell.
Three small proteins Tom5, Tom6, Tom7 interact closely with Tom40 to assemble and stabilize the complex. The TOM complex also consists of a dimer of Tom40 or small Tom proteins that are held together by two Tom22 subunits. [20] [21] Protein sorting into the mitochondrial compartments always starts at the TOM complex. The TOM complex forms two ...
The TIM/TOM complex is a protein complex in cellular biochemistry which translocates proteins produced from nuclear DNA through the mitochondrial membrane for use in oxidative phosphorylation. In enzymology , the complex is described as an mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase ( EC 7.4.2.3 ), or more systematically ATP phosphohydrolase ...
The carrier preprotein is then inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane in a potential-dependent fashion. [10] The membrane potential is necessary for both insertion of the precursor into the carrier translocase and lateral release of the protein into the lipid phase of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which completes protein translocation.
The sorting and assembly machinery is required for the assembly of beta barrel proteins, this includes proteins such as the Tom40 import pore and porin. Like all mitochondrial proteins, beta barrel proteins are transported into the intermembrane space of mitochondria via the translocase of the outer membrane .
The TIMM50 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 19 in position 13.2 and spans 13,373 base pairs. [6] The gene produces a 39.6 kDa protein composed of 353 amino acids. [10] [11] This gene encodes a subunit of the TIM23 inner mitochondrial membrane translocase complex, which mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.