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The n-octanol-water partition coefficient, K ow is a partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water. [1] K ow is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature.
The value of each log D is then determined as the logarithm of a ratio—of the sum of the experimentally measured concentrations of the solute's various forms in one solvent, to the sum of such concentrations of its forms in the other solvent; it can be expressed as [10]: 275–8
[15] k 1 is the rate constant for chemical uptake from water at the respiratory surface (L*kg −1 *d −1). [15] C WD is the chemical concentration dissolved in water (g*L −1 ). [ 15 ] k 2 ,k E ,k G ,k B are rate constants that represent excretion from the organism from the respiratory surface, fecal excretion, metabolic transformation, and ...
1-Nitropyrene is a by-product of combustion and is the predominant nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted in a diesel engine. [ 1 ] 1-Nitropyrene is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen , [ 2 ] indicating it is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
OPEs exhibit a wide range of octanol/water partition coefficients where log Kow values range from -0.98 up to 10.6. [5] Mono- and di- esters are usually water soluble, particularity biomolecules. Tri-esters such as flame retardants and plasticisers have positive log Kow values ranging between 1.44 and 9.49, signifying hydrophobicity .
The reduction of nitroaromatics is conducted on an industrial scale. [1] Many methods exist, such as: Catalytic hydrogenation using: Raney nickel [2] or palladium-on-carbon, [3] [4] [5] platinum(IV) oxide, or Urushibara nickel. [6] Iron in acidic media. [7] [8] [9] Sodium hydrosulfite [10] Sodium sulfide (or hydrogen sulfide and base ...
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), one of 16 PAHs generally measured in studies of environmental exposure and air pollution. Many compounds of this class are formed when burning coal, oil, gas, wood, household waste and tobacco, and can bind to or form small particles in the air.
[1] [2] [3] They have a glycosyl head group, in this case a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Specifically there are two main classes of rhamnolipids: mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, which consist of one or two rhamnose groups respectively. [ 6 ]