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  2. Kussmaul's sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kussmaul's_sign

    The differential diagnoses of Kussmaul's sign includes constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, and severe right-sided heart failure. [ citation needed ] With cardiac tamponade , jugular veins are distended and typically show a prominent x descent and an absent y descent as opposed to patients with ...

  3. Performance-enhancing substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance-enhancing...

    Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), [1] are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. Many substances, such as anabolic steroids , can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organized ...

  4. Junctional rhythm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junctional_rhythm

    This sinus rhythm is important because it ensures that the heart's atria reliably contract before the ventricles, ensuring as optimal stroke volume and cardiac output. [ 4 ] In junctional rhythm, however, the sinoatrial node does not control the heart's rhythm – this can happen in the case of a block in conduction somewhere along the pathway ...

  5. T wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_wave

    Repolarization of the ventricle happens in the opposite direction of depolarization and is negative current, signifying the relaxation of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles. But this negative flow causes a positive T wave; although the cell becomes more negatively charged, the net effect is in the positive direction, and the ECG reports this ...

  6. Pediatric early warning signs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric_Early_Warning_Signs

    The goal of pediatric early warning systems is to alert staff to deterioration in pediatric patients at the earliest possibility to quickly intervene and improve mortality rates. [22] It is based on the idea that using objective clinical indicators and risk assessment tools will improve communication and improve patient care, however, there is ...

  7. ST segment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST_segment

    This measure has a false positive rate of 15-20% (which is slightly higher in women than men) and a false negative rate of 20–30%. [1] ST depression may be associated with subendocardial myocardial infarction, hypokalemia, or digitalis toxicity. [2]

  8. Shock (circulatory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)

    The severity of hemorrhagic shock can be graded on a 1–4 scale on the physical signs. The shock index (heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure) is a stronger predictor of the impact of blood loss than heart rate and blood pressure alone. [11] This relationship has not been well established in pregnancy-related bleeding. [12]

  9. Physical examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_examination

    The physical exam is then recorded in the medical record in a standard layout which facilitates billing and other providers later reading the notes. A doctor examining a pediatric patient in hospital. While elective physical exams have become more elaborate, in routine use physical exams have become less complete.