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The goal of EGR is thus to reduce NO x production by reducing the combustion temperatures. In modern diesel engines, the EGR gas is usually cooled with a heat exchanger to allow the introduction of a greater mass of recirculated gas. However, uncooled EGR designs do exist; these are often referred to as hot-gas recirculation (HGR).
[77] [full citation needed] In turbocharged engines, EGR needs a controlled pressure differential across the exhaust manifold and intake manifold, which can be met by such engineering as use of a variable geometry turbocharger, [citation needed] which has inlet guide vanes on the turbine to build exhaust backpressure in the exhaust manifold ...
The BMW N57 is a family of aluminium, turbocharged straight-6 common rail diesel engines. The engines utilize variable geometry turbochargers and Bosch piezo-electric injectors. [ 1 ] The engine jointly replaced the M57 straight-6 and M67 V8 engines.
Some engines have an oil cooler, a separate small radiator to cool the engine oil. Cars with an automatic transmission often have extra connections to the radiator, allowing the transmission fluid to transfer its heat to the coolant in the radiator. These may be either oil-air radiators, as for a smaller version of the main radiator.
The BMW Hydrogen 7 is a limited production hydrogen-fueled model. It uses a modified version of the 760Li's N73 V12 engine, producing 191 kW (256 bhp). Claimed fuel economy is 50 L/100 km (4.7 mpg ‑US) and the hydrogen is stored as a liquid in an insulated 170 L (45 US gal) tank. Only 100 cars were made, which were leased to high-profile ...
The BMW 7 Series is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker BMW since 1977. [1] It is the successor to the BMW E3 "New Six" sedan and is now in its seventh generation. The 7 Series is BMW's flagship car and is only available in a sedan bodystyle (including long wheelbase and limousine models). It traditionally ...
BMW X3: Follows the production of the BMW X3, a type of compact crossover SUV. 2011: Nov 1, 2011 [9] 3: Porsche Panamera: 2011: Jan 7, 2012: 4: Mack Truck: Follows the production of the Mack Titan, an American truck-manufacturing company. 2011: Jan 14, 2012: 5: LEGO: Follows the production of LEGO. 2011: Jan 21, 2012: 6: Frito Lay
This approach relies on observation and experimental data. It is specifically tailored to the geometrical shape of the vortex tube and the details of its flow and is designed to match the particular observables of the complex vortex tube flow, namely turbulence, acoustic phenomena, pressure fields, air velocities and many others.