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  2. Theories of taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_taxation

    Specific utility taxes - in this case, certain services are provided on a utility basis and consumers are charged fees, user charges, or tolls. Taxes instead of fees - In cases where direct fees are costly to impose, a tax on the free product can be used instead of fees. For example, taxes can be used in lieu of tolls on automobiles.

  3. List of countries by inheritance tax rates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    This is the list of countries by inheritance tax rates. Inheritance tax or estate tax is the tax levied upon the wealth of a person at the time of their death before it is passed on to their heirs. [1] [2] [3]

  4. Inheritance tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance_tax

    An inheritance tax is a tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of a person who has died, whereas an estate tax is a levy on the estate (money and property) of a person who has died. [1] However, this distinction is not always observed; for example, the UK's "inheritance tax" is a tax on the assets of the deceased, [ 2 ] and ...

  5. Genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms This article is about the general scientific term. For the scientific journal, see Genetics (journal). For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see Introduction to genetics. For the Meghan Trainor ...

  6. Lindahl tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindahl_tax

    Intuitively, it is assumed that some producer can produce public goods in cost 1, and he sells them to the public; his profit is the total amount of money he gains from selling the goods in the given prices, minus the total cost of production. The personalized price-vector p i can be interpreted as the Lindahl tax on agent i.

  7. Benefit principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit_principle

    The principle is sometimes likened to the function of prices in allocating private goods. [1] In its use for assessing the efficiency of taxes and appraising fiscal policy, the benefit approach was initially developed by Knut Wicksell (1896) and Erik Lindahl (1919), two economists of the Stockholm School. [2]

  8. Universal inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_inheritance

    Universal inheritance or basic inheritance is a proposal for all citizens, upon reaching a certain age, to receive an economic endowment from the State. [1] [2]From heterodox economic perspectives, inheritance has been criticized both from a historical standpoint, as property and inequality in its distribution couldn't be understood without the original accumulation of capital; and from an ...

  9. Wealth tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_tax

    While the income tax rate under the ISF was stable overall, within the top 0.1% of income, the income tax rate under of the IFI declines for the wealthiest and falls to 0.6% for the top 0.01%.” [48] Broadly, this reform largely benefits to the 0.1% wealthier and did not make this wealth tax more progressive as it was supposed to be. In fact ...