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Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is the type of respiratory epithelium found in the linings of the trachea as well as upper respiratory tract, which allows filtering and humidification of incoming air. [1] Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia are located in the prostate [2] and membranous part of male vas deferens.
The cells in the respiratory epithelium are of five main types: a) ciliated cells, b) goblet cells, c) brush cells, d) airway basal cells, and e) small granule cells (NDES) [6] Goblet cells become increasingly fewer further down the respiratory tree until they are absent in the terminal bronchioles; club cells take over their role to some extent here. [7]
Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated: respiratory epithelium: respiratory: larynx - true vocal cords: Stratified squamous, non-keratinized - respiratory: trachea: Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated: respiratory epithelium: respiratory bronchi Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated respiratory terminal bronchioles Simple cuboidal, ciliated respiratory
Epithelium Capsule Crypts Location Pharyngeal tonsil (also termed "adenoid") Ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory epithelium) Incompletely encapsulated: Small folds—sometimes described as crypts [2] Roof of pharynx: Tubal tonsils: Ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory epithelium) Roof of pharynx Palatine tonsils
Cilia and much smaller microvilli on non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelium. The cartilage and mucous membrane of the main bronchus (primary bronchi) are similar to those in the trachea. They are lined with respiratory epithelium, which is classified as ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. [7]
Stratified columnar epithelium is rare but is found in lobar ducts in the salivary glands, the eye, the pharynx, and sex organs. This consists of a layer of cells resting on at least one other layer of epithelial cells, which can be squamous, cuboidal, or columnar. Pseudostratified
The epithelium from the nose to the bronchioles is covered in ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, commonly called respiratory epithelium. [12] The cilia beat in one direction, moving mucus towards the throat where it is swallowed. Moving down the bronchioles, the cells get more cuboidal in shape but are still ciliated.
The epithelium of the bronchioles starts as a simple ciliated columnar epithelium and changes to simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium as the bronchioles decreases in size. The diameter of the bronchioles is often said to be less than 1 mm, though this value can range from 5 mm to 0.3 mm.