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The formula describing a current divider is similar in form to that for the voltage divider. However, the ratio describing current division places the impedance of the considered branches in the denominator , unlike voltage division, where the considered impedance is in the numerator.
Since the ladder is a series circuit, the current is the same throughout, and is given by the total voltage divided by the total series resistance (V/R eq). The voltage drop across any one resistor is I×R n , where I is the current calculated above, and R n is the resistance of the resistor in question.
For direct current and relatively low frequencies, a voltage divider may be sufficiently accurate if made only of resistors; where frequency response over a wide range is required (such as in an oscilloscope probe), a voltage divider may have capacitive elements added to compensate load capacitance. In electric power transmission, a capacitive ...
The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. i 2 + i 3 = i 1 + i 4. This law, also called Kirchhoff's first law, or Kirchhoff's junction rule, states that, for any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node; or equivalently:
Most of the divider resistors will dissipate 1 W, but the two resistors bridged by the second divider stage will only dissipate 0.25 W each. That means the bridged resistors will have a quarter of the self-heating and a quarter of the temperature rise. For the divider to maintain accuracy, the temperature rise from self-heating must be limited.
The current through the network is equal to the sum of the currents through each component. The two preceding statements are equivalent, except for exchanging the role of voltage and current . A circuit composed solely of components connected in series is known as a series circuit ; likewise, one connected completely in parallel is known as a ...
Electric current can be directly measured with a galvanometer, but this method involves breaking the electrical circuit, which is sometimes inconvenient. Current can also be measured without breaking the circuit by detecting the magnetic field associated with the current. Devices, at the circuit level, use various techniques to measure current:
Large output resistance is a desirable attribute of a current source because favorable current division sends most of the current to the load. The current gain is very nearly unity as long as R S ≫ r E. An alternative analysis technique is based upon two-port networks. For example, in an application like this one where current is the output ...