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Alpine-style" is the opposite of expedition style (which is sometimes pejoratively called "siege style"), and is often considered a "purer" form of climbing. [8] [9] [10] "Alpine style" also means being "lightly equipped" with for example no supplementary oxygen, no major tenting or overnight equipment, and limited food and fuel supplies.
Most climbs in a climbing gym (known as "problems" in bouldering [3]) will have an approximate climbing grade [note 1] and a way of identifying the holds to be used. In some gyms, holds are identified by coloured tape placed next to each hold, but it is becoming more common for the holds of a given climb to all be the same or similar colour for easy identification.
Climbing-based: Mountaineering (including alpine climbing and expedition climbing), ice climbing (including mixed climbing and dry-tooling), rock climbing (including aid climbing, big wall climbing, and multi-pitch climbing), and Via Ferrata climbing; Jumping-based: BASE jumping, hang gliding, and wingsuit flying
Rock climbing can trace its origins to the late 19th-century, and has since developed into several main sub-disciplines.Single-pitch and multi-pitch (and big wall) climbing, can be performed in varying styles (including aid, sport, traditional, free solo, and top-roping), while the standalone discipline of bouldering (or boulder climbing) is by definition performed in a free solo format.
Climbing, or alpine, clubs form to promote and preserve the climbing way of life, including rock climbing, ice climbing, alpinism & ski mountaineering. Clubs frequently act as advocates to protect climbing areas, advocate for climbers around the world, preserve climbing’s history and chronicle climbing achievement.
The sport of rock climbing includes a wide range of types and disciplines that vary with the style being adopted on the specific climbing route, the length and number of pitches of the route, the level and type of climbing protection that will be employed on the route, and whether the climb is in a competition climbing format.
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Other climbing training 'boards' have been developed since the campus board, including the MoonBoard, a small customized overhanging indoor climbing wall also for plyometric performance, and the hangboard (or also the fingerboard), a device for building up static strength, particularly in the fingers, but also in the arms.