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Momentum depends on the frame of reference, but in any inertial frame of reference, it is a conserved quantity, meaning that if a closed system is not affected by external forces, its total momentum does not change.
Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each.
Transferring all the momentum implies the same velocity, which confirms all the kinetic energy. The kinetic energy, proportionate to the velocity squared, is converted to potential energy as the 2nd mass rises to the same height as the initial ball, then it falls and the cycle repeats in the other direction.
Torque is the rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent for position, angular velocity for velocity, and angular momentum for momentum. As a consequence of Newton's first law of motion, there exists rotational inertia that ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by an ...
Inertia is the natural tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion and objects at rest to stay at rest, unless a force causes the velocity to change. It is one of the fundamental principles in classical physics, and described by Isaac Newton in his first law of motion (also known as The Principle of Inertia). [1]
The same amount of work is done by the object when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest. [2] The SI unit of energy is the joule, while the English unit of energy is the foot-pound. In relativistic mechanics, is a good approximation of kinetic energy only when v is much less than the speed of light.
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Momentum (N⋅s) Explanation 0.42 2.4 1 A 420-gram (15 oz) football (FIFA specified weight for outdoor size 5) kicked to a speed of 8.6 km/h (5.3 mph). 0.42 38 16 The momentum of the famous football kick of the Brazilian player Roberto Carlos in the match against France in 1997. The football had a speed of 137 km/h (85 mph), making it one of ...