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In section 32 of that Act, the expression "fine" includes a pecuniary penalty but does not include a pecuniary forfeiture or pecuniary compensation. [ 12 ] In sections 15 to 32 and 48 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 , the expression "fine" includes any pecuniary penalty.
Obtaining pecuniary advantage by deception [1] was formerly a statutory offence in England and Wales and Northern Ireland. It was replaced with the more general offence of fraud by the Fraud Act 2006. The offence still exists in certain other common law jurisdictions [2] which have copied the English criminal model.
Pending or admitted civil violations may also be used as evidence of responsibility in a civil suit. One example is speeding causing in a car accident, resulting in a wrongful death claim. However, the plaintiff may be required to prove causation through a harm encompassed in the regulations.
Search for Pecuniary in Wikipedia to check for alternative titles or spellings. Start the Pecuniary article , using the Article Wizard if you wish, or add a request for it ; but please remember that Wikipedia is not a dictionary .
Pecuniary externalities can be used to generate beneficial outcomes, however, since pecuniary externalities are Pareto efficient, they can also result in monopolies and other economic distortions. Positive pecuniary externalities occur when changes in market prices result in beneficial outcomes for participants.
(a) Takes or obtains any document that is capable of being used to obtain any privilege, benefit, pecuniary advantage, or valuable consideration; or (b) Uses or attempts to use any such document for the purpose of obtaining, for himself or for any other person, any privilege, benefit, pecuniary advantage, or valuable consideration. …
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This is particularly common in cases involving alleged violations of constitutional rights, such as freedom of speech. Until 2021, in the United States, there was a circuit split as to whether nominal damages may be used if a constitutional violation had occurred but has since been rendered moot. [32]