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The book also described one hundred and seven methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name. [ 11 ] The Persian Muslim doctor and chemist Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation , the procedure ...
This process is identical to one of the techniques for making decaffeinated coffee. In supercritical fluid extraction, high pressure carbon dioxide gas (up to 100 atm.) is used as a solvent. Due to the low heat of process and the relatively unreactive solvent used in the extraction, the fragrant compounds derived often closely resemble the ...
Perfume (UK: / ˈ p ɜː f j uː m /, US: / p ər ˈ f j uː m / ⓘ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. [1]
The word 'attar' is believed to have been derived from the Persian word itir, [3] which is in turn derived from the Arabic word 'itr (عطر), meaning 'perfume'. [4] [5]The earliest recorded mention of the techniques and methods used to produce essential oils is believed to be that of Ibn al-Baitar (1188–1248), an Al-Andalusian (Muslim Iberia) physician, pharmacist and chemist.
The enfleurage fragrance extraction method is one of the oldest. It is also highly inefficient and costly but was the sole method of extracting the fragrant compounds in delicate flowers such as jasmine and tuberose, which would be destroyed or denatured by the high temperatures required by methods of fragrance extraction such as steam distillation.
How much does that fancy $100-a-bottle department store perfume you wear really cost to make? The answer is one of the retail industry's dirty little secrets -- with good reason. If shoppers got a ...
The composition will then be either used to enhance another product as a functional fragrance (shampoos, make-up, detergents, car interiors, etc.) or marketed directly to the public as a fine fragrance. Alternatively, the perfumer may simply be inspired to create a perfume and produce something that later becomes marketable or wins a brief.
As French-Armenian perfumer Francis Kurkdjian tells Vogue, perfume doesn’t last long on dry skin, so lather up with either an unscented lotion or your product’s companion body lotion before ...