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In mathematics, a fractal is a geometric shape containing detailed structure at arbitrarily small scales, usually having a fractal dimension strictly exceeding the topological dimension. Many fractals appear similar at various scales, as illustrated in successive magnifications of the Mandelbrot set.
The terms fractal dimension and fractal were coined by Mandelbrot in 1975, [16] about a decade after he published his paper on self-similarity in the coastline of Britain. . Various historical authorities credit him with also synthesizing centuries of complicated theoretical mathematics and engineering work and applying them in a new way to study complex geometries that defied description in ...
Each branch carries 3 branches (here 90° and 60°). The fractal dimension of the entire tree is the fractal dimension of the terminal branches. NB: the 2-branches tree has a fractal dimension of only 1. 1.5850: Sierpinski triangle: Also the limiting shape of Pascal's triangle modulo 2.
Fractals are self-similar geometric objects with both aesthetical and scientific uses. ... Tricorn (mathematics) U. Udo of Aachen; Ulam–Warburton automaton;
The Beauty of Fractals is a 1986 book by Heinz-Otto Peitgen and Peter Richter which publicises the fields of complex dynamics, chaos theory and the concept of fractals. It is lavishly illustrated and as a mathematics book became an unusual success. The book includes a total of 184 illustrations, including 88 full-colour pictures of Julia sets.
In mathematics, iterated function systems (IFSs) are a method of constructing fractals; the resulting fractals are often self-similar. IFS fractals are more related to set theory than fractal geometry. [1] They were introduced in 1981. IFS fractals, as they are normally called, can be of any number of dimensions, but are commonly computed and ...
The paper is important because it is a "turning point" in Mandelbrot's early thinking on fractals. [14] It is an example of the linking of mathematical objects with natural forms that was a theme of much of his later work. A key property of some fractals is self-similarity; that is, at any scale the same general configuration appears. A ...
The Pythagoras tree is a plane fractal constructed from squares. Invented by the Dutch mathematics teacher Albert E. Bosman in 1942, [1] it is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras because each triple of touching squares encloses a right triangle, in a configuration traditionally used to depict the Pythagorean theorem.