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  2. Altruism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruism

    Giving alms to the poor is often considered an altruistic action.. Altruism is the concern for the well-being of others, independently of personal benefit or reciprocity.. The word altruism was popularised (and possibly coined) by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French, as altruisme, for an antonym of egoism. [1]

  3. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Courtesy bias, the tendency to give an opinion that is more socially correct than one's true opinion, so as to avoid offending anyone. [ 136 ] Groupthink , the psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.

  4. Plus and minus signs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs

    (Temperatures tend to follow the older usage; −5° is generally called "minus five degrees".) [18] Further, a few textbooks in the United States encourage −x to be read as "the opposite of x" or "the additive inverse of x"—to avoid giving the impression that −x is necessarily negative (since x itself may already be negative). [19]

  5. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite

    Complementary antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite but whose meanings do not lie on a continuous spectrum (push, pull). Relational antonyms are word pairs where opposite makes sense only in the context of the relationship between the two meanings (teacher, pupil). These more restricted meanings may not apply in all scholarly ...

  6. Gifts in kind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifts_in_kind

    Gifts in kind, also referred to as in-kind donations, is a kind of charitable giving in which, instead of giving money to buy needed goods and services, the goods and services themselves are given. Gifts in kind are distinguished from gifts of cash or stock .

  7. Merit (Buddhism) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)

    The opposite of merit is demerit (pāpa), ... In giving up stealing, the practitioner will find security in life, economically, socially and spiritually;

  8. Warm-glow giving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm-glow_giving

    Warm-glow giving is an economic theory describing the emotional reward of giving to others. According to the original warm-glow model developed by James Andreoni (1989, 1990), [ 1 ] [ 2 ] people experience a sense of joy and satisfaction for "doing their part" to help others.

  9. Sarcasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcasm

    Sarcasm does not necessarily involve irony. But irony, or the use of expressions conveying different things according as they are interpreted, is so often made the vehicle of sarcasm ... The essence of sarcasm is the intention of giving pain by (ironical or other) bitter words. [11]