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A tropical cyclone can become extratropical as it moves toward higher latitudes if its energy source changes from heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses; [20] From an operational standpoint, a tropical cyclone is usually not considered to become a subtropical cyclone during its extratropical transition. [26]
In most extratropical cyclones, the part of the cold front ahead of the cyclone will develop into a warm front, giving the frontal zone (as drawn on surface weather maps) a wave-like shape. Due to their appearance on satellite images, extratropical cyclones can also be referred to as frontal waves early in their life cycle.
Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume, tropical connection, moisture plume, water vapor surge, and cloud band. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Composite satellite photos of an atmospheric river connecting Asia to North America in October 2017
Comparison between extratropical and tropical cyclones on surface analysis. There are a number of structural characteristics common to all cyclones. A cyclone is a low-pressure area. [18] A cyclone's center (often known in a mature tropical cyclone as the eye), is the area of lowest atmospheric pressure in the region. [18]
An extratropical cyclone is a storm that derives energy from horizontal temperature differences, which are typical in higher latitudes. A tropical cyclone can become extratropical as it moves toward higher latitudes if its energy source changes from heat released by condensation to differences in temperature between air masses.
However, unlike most tropical cyclone storm surges, extratropical cyclones can cause higher water levels across a large area for longer periods of time, depending on the system. [ 10 ] In North America, extratropical storm surges may occur on the Pacific and Alaska coasts, and north of 31°N on the Atlantic Coast.
Two classes of post-tropical cyclones exist Extratropical cyclone, which is frontal, sometimes still retains winds of hurricane or tropical storm force. [1] Hurricane Paulette (2020) provides a recent example of an extratropical cyclone, [3] in which it no longer has a warm core in higher latitudes when it was over Nova Scotia and all points north in its trajectory.
Rainbands in advance of warm occluded fronts and warm fronts are associated with weak upward motion, [1] and tend to be wide and stratiform in nature. [2] In an atmosphere with rich low level moisture and vertical wind shear, [3] narrow, convective rainbands known as squall lines form generally in the cyclone's warm sector, ahead of strong cold fronts associated with extratropical cyclones. [4]