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Peptic ulcer disease is when the inner part of the stomach's gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus, gets damaged. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer , while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer . [ 1 ]
The ulcer is known initially as a peptic ulcer before the ulcer burns through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenal wall. A diagnosis is made by taking an erect abdominal/chest X-ray (seeking air under the diaphragm). This is in fact one of the very few occasions in modern times where surgery is undertaken to treat an ulcer. [3] Many ...
Endoscopic image of a posterior wall duodenal ulcer with a clean base, which is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Specialty: Gastroenterology: Symptoms: Hematemesis (vomiting blood), coffee ground vomiting, melena, hematochezia (maroon-coloured stool) in severe cases
About half of cases are due to peptic ulcer disease (gastric or duodenal ulcers). [3] Esophageal inflammation and erosive disease are the next most common causes. [3] In those with liver cirrhosis, 50–60% of bleeding is due to esophageal varices. [3] Approximately half of those with peptic ulcers have an H. pylori infection. [3]
Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor esophageal reflux, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect foreign bodies.
The duodenal bulb is the site of duodenal ulcer occurrence. Duodenal ulcers are more common than gastric ulcers and - unlike gastric ulcers - are caused by increased gastric acid secretion. Duodenal ulcers are commonly located anteriorly, and rarely posteriorly. Anterior ulcers can be complicated by perforation, while the posterior ones bleed.
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Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. [1] It may occur as a short episode or may be of a long duration. [1] There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1]