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Cognitive therapy is based on a teacher-student relationship, where the therapist educates the client. Cognitive therapy uses Socratic questioning to challenge cognitive distortions. Homework is an essential aspect of cognitive therapy. It consolidates the skills learned in therapy. The cognitive approach is active, directed, and structured.
Cognitive training improves cognitive functioning, which can increase working memory capacity and improve cognitive skills and functions in clinical populations with working memory deficiencies. [15] Cognitive training may focus on factors such as attention, speed of processing, neurofeedback, dual-tasking and perceptual training. [15]
The brain is usually capable of learning new skills in the aforementioned areas, typically in early childhood, and of developing personal thoughts and beliefs about the world. Old age and disease may affect cognitive functioning, causing memory loss and trouble thinking of the right words while speaking or writing ("drawing a blank").
He later expanded his focus to include anxiety disorders, in Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders in 1976, and other disorders later on. [5] He also introduced a focus on the underlying "schema"—the underlying ways in which people process information about the self, the world or the future.
Attentional control theory focuses on anxiety and cognitive performance. The assumption of this theory is that the effects of anxiety on attentional control are key to understanding the relationship between anxiety and performance. In general, anxiety inhibits attentional control on a specific task by impairing processing efficiency. [37]
Cognitive reserve is the capacity of a person to meet the various cognitive demands of life and is evident in an ability to assimilate information, comprehend relationships, and develop reasonable conclusions and plans. Cognitive training includes interventions targeted at improving cognitive abilities.
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