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Maiman used a solid-state light-pumped synthetic ruby to produce red laser light at a wavelength of 694 nanometers (nm). Ruby lasers are still in use. Rubies are also used in applications where high hardness is required such as at wear-exposed locations in mechanical clockworks, or as scanning probe tips in a coordinate measuring machine .
Ruby jewel bearings used for a balance wheel in a mechanical watch movement Cross-section of a jewel bearing in a mechanical watch. This type of donut-shaped bearing (red) is called a hole jewel, used for most of the ordinary wheels in the gear train. It is usually made of synthetic sapphire or ruby, press-fit into a hole in the movement's ...
It commonly occurs as a detrital mineral in stream and beach sands because of its hardness and resistance to weathering. [6] The largest documented single crystal of corundum measured about 65 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm (26 in × 16 in × 16 in), and weighed 152 kg (335 lb). [11] The record has since been surpassed by certain synthetic boules. [12]
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...
Ruby was the first gemstone to be synthesized by Auguste Verneuil with his development of the flame-fusion process in 1902. [59] Synthetic corundum continues to be made typically by flame-fusion as it is most cost-effective, but can also be produced through flux growth and hydrothermal growth. [60]
Cermax xenon arc lamp with synthetic sapphire output window Wristwatch with synthetic sapphire watch crystal Synthetic sapphire—also referred to as sapphire glass —is commonly used for small windows, because it is both highly transparent to wavelengths of light between 150 nm ( UV ) and 5500 nm ( IR ) (the visible spectrum extends about 380 ...
Mohs scale hardness: 2.5–4 ; 2.5–3 ... which is variously called India ruby mica or ruby muscovite mica, ... Ground synthetic fluorophlogopite, ...
Painite is a very rare borate mineral.It was first found in Myanmar by British mineralogist and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as ruby, until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s.
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