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Philosophy of logic is the area of philosophy that studies the nature of logic. [1] [2] Like many other disciplines, logic involves various philosophical presuppositions which are addressed by the philosophy of logic. [3]
Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often in the form of extended logical systems like modal logic. Some theorists conceive philosophical logic in a wider sense as the study of the scope and nature of logic in general.
Philosophy of logic is the philosophical discipline studying the scope and nature of logic. [59] It examines many presuppositions implicit in logic, like how to define its basic concepts or the metaphysical assumptions associated with them. [158]
The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference ().Formal logics developed in ancient times in India, China, and Greece.Greek methods, particularly Aristotelian logic (or term logic) as found in the Organon, found wide application and acceptance in Western science and mathematics for millennia. [1]
In the period of scholastic philosophy, logic was predominantly Aristotelian.Following the decline of scholasticism, logic was thought of as an affair of ideas by early modern philosophers such as Locke (1632-1704) and Hume (1711-1716).
Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. [1] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.
All of philosophical logic can be thought of as providing accounts of the nature of logical truth, as well as logical consequence. [1] Logical truths are generally considered to be necessarily true. This is to say that they are such that no situation could arise in which they could fail to be true.
Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science.Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and the study of arguments in natural language.