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  2. Video random-access memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_random-access_memory

    Many modern GPUs rely on VRAM. In contrast, a GPU that does not use VRAM, and relies instead on system RAM, is said to have a unified memory architecture, or shared graphics memory. System RAM and VRAM have been segregated due to the bandwidth requirements of GPUs, [2] [3] and to achieve lower latency, since VRAM is physically closer to the GPU ...

  3. Dual-ported video RAM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-ported_video_RAM

    Dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) is a dual-ported variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the framebuffer in graphics adapters. Dual-ported RAM allows the CPU to read and write data to memory as if it were a conventional DRAM chip, while adding a second port that reads out data.

  4. Extended Display Identification Data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_display...

    It combines the previous version, CTA-861-H, [20] from January 2021 with an amendment, CTA-861.6, [21] published in February 2022 and includes a new formula to calculate Video Timing Formats, OVT. [22]

  5. Framebuffer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framebuffer

    Sun TGX Framebuffer. A framebuffer (frame buffer, or sometimes framestore) is a portion of random-access memory (RAM) [1] containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is a memory buffer containing data representing all the pixels in a complete video frame. [2]

  6. Video BIOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS

    Much the way the system BIOS provides a set of functions that are used by software programs to access the system hardware, the video BIOS provides a set of video-related functions that are used by programs to access the video hardware as well as storing vendor-specific settings such as card name, clock frequencies, VRAM types & voltages.

  7. Spreadsheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheet

    Formulas in the B column multiply values from the A column using relative references, and the formula in B4 uses the SUM() function to find the sum of values in the B1:B3 range. A formula identifies the calculation needed to place the result in the cell it is contained within. A cell containing a formula, therefore, has two display components ...

  8. Moral Injury: The Grunts - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/moral-injury/the...

    Some troops leave the battlefield injured. Others return from war with mental wounds. Yet many of the 2 million Iraq and Afghanistan veterans suffer from a condition the Defense Department refuses to acknowledge: Moral injury.

  9. Dynamic random-access memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory

    Window DRAM (WRAM) is a variant of VRAM that was once used in graphics adaptors such as the Matrox Millennium and ATI 3D Rage Pro. WRAM was designed to perform better and cost less than VRAM. WRAM offered up to 25% greater bandwidth than VRAM and accelerated commonly used graphical operations such as text drawing and block fills. [64]