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The parent compound is uncommon, [2] but derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine are important commercially and biologically. The pervasive cofactors NADH and NADPH are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine. 1,4-Dihydropyridine-based drugs are L-type calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypertension. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are also known ...
[1] [2] The initial reaction product is a dihydropyridine which can be oxidized in a subsequent step to a pyridine. [3] The driving force for this second reaction step is aromatization. This reaction was reported in 1881 by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch. A 1,4-dihydropyridine dicarboxylate is also called a 1,4-DHP compound or a Hantzsch ester.
For example, reduction with lithium aluminium hydride yields a mixture of 1,4-dihydropyridine, 1,2-dihydropyridine, and 2,5-dihydropyridine. [102] Selective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine is achieved in the presence of organometallic complexes of magnesium and zinc , [ 103 ] and (Δ3,4)-tetrahydropyridine is obtained by electrochemical ...
C 17 H 31 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (9Z, 12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, numerical representation 18:2 (9,12), n-6, molecular weight 280.45, melting point −5 °C, specific gravity 0.902. CAS Registry Number 60-33-3. There are isomers of linoleic acid with double bonds separated by one single bond. They are named conjugated linoleic acids.
The reaction conditions for the Kröhnke synthesis are generally facile and the reactions often proceed in high yields with reaction temperatures generally not exceeding 140 °C. [6] The Kröhnke synthesis is generally performed in either glacial acetic acid or methanol, but it can also be done under aqueous conditions, and more recently under ...
dihydropyridine receptors in T-tubules and increased intracellular calcium (Calcium Induced Calcium Release - CICR) RYR1, RYR2, RYR3: ER/SR: Calcium-induced calcium release in myocytes [4] Two-pore channel: Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate : TPCN1, TPCN2: endosomal/lysosomal membranes
The Weiss–Cook reaction consists in the synthesis of cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione employing an acetonedicarboxylic acid ester and a diacyl (1,2 ketone). The mechanism operates in the same way as the Knoevenagel condensation: [ 10 ]
This reaction produced the 1,6-addition product 2 in 0% yield, the 1,6-addition product 3 in approximately 99% yield, and the 1,4-addition product 4 in less than 2% yield. This particular catalyst and set of reaction conditions led to the mostly regioselective and enantioselective 1,6-Michael addition of ethyl sorbate 1 to product 3.