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Giuseppe Mazzini (UK: / m æ t ˈ s iː n i /, [1] US: / m ɑː t ˈ-, m ɑː d ˈ z iː n i /, [2] [3] Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe matˈtsiːni]; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) [4] was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.
Young Italy (Italian: La Giovine Italia, pronounced [la ˈdʒoːvine iˈtaːlja]) was an Italian political movement founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini.A few months after leaving Italy, in June 1831, Mazzini wrote a letter to King Charles Albert of Sardinia, in which he asked him to unite Italy and lead the nation.
Disappointed, Mazzini dissolved the Action Party and retired from politics. In 1870, Rome was captured and became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy . In 1877, Agostino Bertani , a former member of the Action Party, left the Historical Left to form the Historical Far-Left , reputed to be the real heir of the Action Party.
The more astute members realized they could never take on the Austrian army in open battle and joined a new movement, Giovane Italia ('Young Italy') led by the nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini, in which many members would trace their origins and inspiration to the Carbonari. Rapidly declining in influence and members, the Carbonari practically ...
[a] But it was Giuseppe Mazzini who revived the republican idea in Italy in the 19th century. [7] An Italian nationalist in the historical radical tradition and a proponent of a republicanism of social-democratic inspiration, Mazzini helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state. [8]
Italian anarchism as a movement began primarily from the influence of Mikhail Bakunin, [1] Giuseppe Fanelli, Carlo Cafiero, and Errico Malatesta. Rooted in collectivist anarchism and social or socialist anarchism , it expanded to include illegalist individualist anarchism , mutualism , anarcho-syndicalism , and especially anarcho-communism .
Qui pluribus (subtitled "On Faith And Religion") is an encyclical promulgated by Pope Pius IX on 9 November 1846. It was the first encyclical of his reign and written to urge the prelates to be on guard against the dangers posed by rationalism, pantheism, socialism, communism and other popular philosophies.
Italian nationalism (Italian: Nazionalismo italiano) is a movement which believes that the Italians are a nation with a single homogeneous identity, and therefrom seeks to promote the cultural unity of Italy as a country.