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A number of other descriptive terms are also used to qualify the extent of solubility for a given application. For example, U.S. Pharmacopoeia gives the following terms, according to the mass m sv of solvent required to dissolve one unit of mass m su of solute: [8] (The solubilities of the examples are approximate, for water at 20–25 °C.)
Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.
Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter ...
The term molality is formed in analogy to molarity which is the molar concentration of a solution. The earliest known use of the intensive property molality and of its adjectival unit, the now-deprecated molal, appears to have been published by G. N. Lewis and M. Randall in the 1923 publication of Thermodynamics and the Free Energies of Chemical Substances. [3]
Initially, there are solute molecules on the left side of a barrier (purple line) and none on the right. The barrier is removed, and the solute diffuses to fill the whole container. Top: A single molecule moves around randomly. Middle: With more molecules, there is a clear trend where the solute fills the container more and more uniformly.
The quantity or abundance of a constituent of a mixture per unit quantity of the mixture; e.g. the amount of a dissolved solute per unit volume of the solution, a measure known as molarity. Several different definitions of concentration are widely used in chemistry, including mass concentration, volume concentration, and molar concentration.
A solvation shell or solvation sheath is the solvent interface of any chemical compound or biomolecule that constitutes the solute in a solution. When the solvent is water it is called a hydration shell or hydration sphere. The number of solvent molecules surrounding each unit of solute is called the hydration number of the solute.
The concentration of the solute in a saturated solution is known as the solubility. Units of solubility may be molar (mol dm −3) or expressed as mass per unit volume, such as μg mL −1. Solubility is temperature dependent. A solution containing a higher concentration of solute than the solubility is said to be supersaturated. A ...