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Modus ponens (also known as "affirming the antecedent" or "the law of detachment") is the primary deductive rule of inference. It applies to arguments that have as first premise a conditional statement ( P → Q {\displaystyle P\rightarrow Q} ) and as second premise the antecedent ( P {\displaystyle P} ) of the conditional statement.
Detachment (Old French de, from, and [at]tach, joining with a stake) under international law is the formal, permanent separation of and loss of sovereignty over some territory to another geopolitical entity (either adjacent or noncontiguous). Detachment can be considered the opposite or reverse of annexation.
Rules of inference are syntactical transform rules which one can use to infer a conclusion from a premise to create an argument. A set of rules can be used to infer any valid conclusion if it is complete, while never inferring an invalid conclusion, if it is sound.
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Other terms for deannexation include disannexation, secession, detachment, [2] disconnection, [3] severance [4] and exclusion. [4] Deannexation for the purpose of creating a new municipality is sometimes called division. [5] The procedures and requirements for deannexation vary greatly among the states.
Wigmore evidence chart, from 1905. A Wigmore chart (commonly referred to as Wigmorean analysis) is a graphical method for the analysis of legal evidence in trials, developed by John Henry Wigmore. [1] [2] It is an early form of the modern belief network. [3] After completing his Treatise in 1904, Wigmore "became convinced that something was ...
Condensed detachment (Rule D) is a method of finding the most general possible conclusion given two formal logical statements. It was developed by the Irish logician Carew Meredith in the 1950s and inspired by the work of Łukasiewicz .
The typical behavior of the majority, i.e., not switching, may be explained by phenomena known in the psychological literature as: The endowment effect , [ 28 ] in which people tend to overvalue the winning probability of the door already chosen – already "owned".