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The Urdu Dictionary Board (Urdu: اردو لغت بورڈ, romanized: Urdu Lughat Board) is an academic and literary institution of Pakistan, administered by National History and Literary Heritage Division of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Its objective is to edit and publish a comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language.
The dictionary has been arranged and edited according to the following criteria: All the common words, idioms, proverbs, and modern academic, literary, scientific, and technical terms of the Urdu language have been listed. Only those obsolete words and idioms have been included which are found in ancient books.
The dictionary was edited by the honorary director general of the board Maulvi Abdul Haq who had already been working on an Urdu dictionary since the establishment of the Urdu Dictionary Board, Karachi, in 1958. [1] [2] [3] Urdu Lughat consists of 22 volumes. In 2019, the board prepared a short concise version of the dictionary in 2 volumes.
Farhang-e-Asifiya (Urdu: فرہنگ آصفیہ, lit. 'The Dictionary of Asif') is an Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary compiled by Syed Ahmad Dehlvi. [1] It has more than 60,000 entries in four volumes. [2] It was first published in January 1901 by Rifah-e-Aam Press in Lahore, present-day Pakistan. [3] [4]
It aims more at an in-depth understanding of the meaning of the studied phenomena and less at universal and predictive laws. Common methods found in the social sciences are surveys, interviews, focus groups, and the nominal group technique. They differ from each other concerning their sample size, the types of questions asked, and the general ...
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. [1] [2] [3] The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics ...
Punjabi-Urdu Dictionary (Sachal Studios and the Punjabi Adabi Board, 2009) by Sardar Mohammad Khan. [19] [20] [21] A Punjabi-Urdu dictionary that covers 64 varieties of Punjabi over around 3,600 pages, containing idioms, riddles, and treatises related to Punjabi traditions and customs. [19] [22] The author is an ethnic Pathan. [22]
From then until the 20th century, the word "strategy" came to denote "a comprehensive way to try to pursue political ends, including the threat or actual use of force, in a dialectic of wills" in a military conflict, in which both adversaries interact. [3] Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve goals are usually limited.