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Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart. [1] It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm 2 during diastole. Any decrease in area below 2 cm 2 causes mitral stenosis. Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis ...
Mitral stenosis is caused largely by rheumatic heart disease, though is rarely the result of calcification. In some cases, vegetations form on the mitral leaflets as a result of endocarditis, an inflammation of the heart tissue. Mitral stenosis is uncommon and not as age-dependent as other types of valvular disease. [1]
Patients with mitral valve regurgitation typically have a holosystolic murmur, meaning it lasts for the duration of systole. Now even though we said that left-sided heart failure can cause mitral regurgitation, it also goes the other way, mitral regurgitation can be a cause of left-sided heart failure.
Mitral facies is a distinctive facial appearance associated with mitral stenosis. Someone with mitral stenosis may present with rosy cheeks, whilst the rest of the face has a bluish tinge due to cyanosis. This is especially so in severe mitral stenosis. Because low cardiac output in mitral stenosis produces vasoconstriction, peripheral cyanosis ...
In mitral stenosis, tapping apical impulse is present. Mid-diastolic Tricuspid stenosis: Best heard over the left sternal border with rumbling character and tricuspid opening snap with wide splitting S1. May increase in intensity with inspiration (Carvallo's sign). Tricuspid stenosis often occurs in association with mitral stenosis.
Stenosis (from Ancient Greek στενός (stenós) 'narrow') is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture ).
The mitral valve in cases of mitral stenosis may open with an opening snap [1] [2] on the beginning of diastole. Patients with mitral valve prolapse may have a mid-systolic click along with a murmur, referred to as apical late systolic murmur. [3] Early systolic clicks may also be present in some patients. [4]
Mitral regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, resulting in a systolic murmur radiating to the left armpit.
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