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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental motor coordination disorder, developmental dyspraxia, or simply dyspraxia (from Ancient Greek praxis 'activity'), is a neurodevelopmental disorder [1] characterized by impaired coordination of physical movements as a result of brain messages not being accurately transmitted to the body.
It was validated both at the hospital and the community level against the standard Denver Developmental Screening Test. [2]With a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 78.8%, it can be used even by community level health worker for mass screening and takes around 5 minutes to complete. [2]
Between the years of 1995-1996 the PIAT-R was restandardized as part of a renorming program which included other assessments in use at the time. [4] The new version, PIAT-R/NU, included an older age group. The 18-22 year old group from the sample included students in high school, 2- year colleges, 4-year colleges, as well as some nonstudents. [4]
Writing is a fine motor skill as it requires subtle motions of the hand and fingers. Motor skills are movements and actions of the bone structures. [1] Typically, they are categorised into two groups: gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are involved in movement and coordination of the arms, legs, and other large body parts.
This measure consists of a series of developmental play tasks and takes between 45 – 60 minutes to administer [1] [2] and derives a developmental quotient (DQ) rather than an intelligence quotient (IQ). [3] Raw scores of successfully completed items are converted to scale scores and to composite scores.
This Their body stability is focused on the child's dynamic body base and is related to their visual perceptions such as height, depth, or width. [1] A study was done to assess motor skill development and the overall rate and level of growth development. This study shows that at the preschool age children develop more goal-directed behaviors.
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale is a psychometric instrument used in child and adolescent psychiatry and clinical psychology. It is used especially in the assessment of individuals with an intellectual disability , a pervasive developmental disorder , and other types of developmental delays .
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a neuropsychological test of set-shifting, which is the capability to show flexibility when exposed to changes in reinforcement. [1] [2] The WCST was written by David A. Grant and Esta A. Berg.