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Perestroika (/ ˌ p ɛr ə ˈ s t r ɔɪ k ə / PERR-ə-STROY-kə; Russian: перестройка, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ⓘ) [1] was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.
In the second year of his leadership, Gorbachev began speaking of glasnost, or "openness". [80] According to Doder and Branson, this meant "greater openness and candour in government affairs and for an interplay of different and sometimes conflicting views in political debates, in the press, and in Soviet culture". [81]
Glasnost (/ ˈ ɡ l æ z n ɒ s t / GLAZ-nost; Russian: гласность, IPA: [ˈɡlasnəsʲtʲ] ⓘ) is a concept relating to openness and transparency.It has several general and specific meanings, including a policy of maximum openness in the activities of state institutions and freedom of information and the inadmissibility of hushing up problems.
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By mid-November 1990, much of the press was calling for Gorbachev to resign and predicting civil war. [210] In November, he announced an eight-point program with governmental reforms, among them the abolition of the presidential council. [211] By this point, Gorbachev was isolated from many of his former close allies and aides. [212]
New political thinking (or simply new thinking) [a] was the doctrine put forth by Mikhail Gorbachev as part of his reforms of the Soviet Union.Its major elements were de-ideologization of international politics, abandoning the concept of class struggle, priority of universal human interests over the interests of any class, increasing interdependence of the world, and mutual security based on ...
Gorbachev's Demokratizatsiya meant the introduction of multi-candidate—though not multi-party—elections for local Communist Party (CPSU) officials and Soviets. In this way, he hoped to rejuvenate the party with reform-minded personnel who would carry out his institutional and policy reforms. The CPSU would retain sole custody of the ballot ...
Civil War, too, decontextualises violence and deliberately tosses the entire idea of power out the window. We’re never told what this conflict is about, who might be oppressed, or what freedoms ...