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Nitric oxide sensing in plants is mediated by the N-end rule of proteolysis [61] [62] and controls abiotic stress responses such as flooding-induced hypoxia, [63] salt and drought stress. [64] [65] [66] Nitric oxide interactions have been found within signaling pathways of plant hormones such as auxin, [67] ethylene, [63] [68] [69] Abscisic ...
Infobox references. Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide[ 1 ]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula (• N=O or • NO).
In atmospheric chemistry, NOxis shorthand for nitric oxide(NO) and nitrogen dioxide(NO2), the nitrogen oxidesthat are most relevant for air pollution. [1][2]These gases contribute to the formation of smogand acid rain, as well as affecting tropospheric ozone. NOxgases are usually produced from the reaction between nitrogenand oxygenduring ...
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation ...
Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide are reactive oxygen-containing species as well. Hydroxyl radical (HO·) is generated by Fenton reaction of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous compounds and related reducing agents: Fe(II) + H 2 O 2 → Fe(III)OH + HO· In its fleeting existence, the hydroxyl radical reacts rapidly irreversibly with all organic compounds.
Nitrifying bacteria are chemolithotrophic organisms that include species of genera such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrospira and Nitrococcus. These bacteria get their energy from the oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. [ 1 ] Types include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).
Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone , insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis , and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development.
When the plant is under stress, instead of reducing nitrate via NR to be incorporated into amino acids, the nitrate is reduced to nitric oxide which can have many damaging effects on the plant. Thus, the importance of regulating nitrate reductase activity is to limit the amount of nitric oxide being produced.
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