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Affine cipher. The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter. The formula used means that each letter encrypts to one other letter, and back again, meaning the cipher is ...
Python is known as a glue language, [76] able to work very well with many other languages with ease of access. Python uses dynamic typing and a combination of reference counting and a cycle-detecting garbage collector for memory management. [77] It uses dynamic name resolution (late binding), which binds method and variable names during program ...
A mode of operation describes how to repeatedly apply a cipher's single-block operation to securely transform amounts of data larger than a block. [3][4][5] Most modes require a unique binary sequence, often called an initialization vector (IV), for each encryption operation. The IV must be non-repeating, and for some modes must also be random.
In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines of code.It was designed by David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory; it was first presented at the Fast Software Encryption workshop in Leuven in 1994, and first published in the proceedings of that workshop.
XOR cipher. In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, [1] an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A 0 = A, A A = 0, A B = B A, (A B) C = A (B C), (B A) A = B 0 = B, For example where denotes the exclusive disjunction (XOR) operation. [2] This operation is sometimes called modulus 2 addition ...
Transposition cipher. Step-by-step process for the double columnar transposition cipher. In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition) without changing the characters themselves. Transposition ciphers reorder units of plaintext ...
Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized:kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively [ 1 ]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [ 2 ]
Symmetric-key algorithm. Symmetric-key algorithms[ a ] are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. [ 1 ] The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret ...
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